Please wait a minute...
自然科学史研究  2021, Vol. 40 Issue (2): 246-261    
论文     
李约瑟与抗战中的中国营养学
王公1, 杨舰2
1.中国科学院 自然科学史研究所,北京 100190;
2.清华大学 人文学院科学史系,北京 100084
Joseph Needham and Nutrition Research in China during World War II
WANG Gong1, YANG Jian2
1. Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
2. Department of History of Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
 全文: PDF(3419 KB)  
摘要： 一战以后,英国科学家从动物科学和生物化学两条路径率先开始了战时军民营养保障的探究。李约瑟是英国著名的生物化学家,并且对该方向上的营养学研究颇为熟稔。二战爆发后,战时军民的营养保障是各参战国面临的重大问题,英国由于有良好的战时营养保障体系而使得其军民免受饥饿之苦。在李约瑟来到中国之前,英国动物科学路径下的战时营养保障的理论和经验已经传入中国,被中国科学家吸收并用于解决战地和后方营养问题。李约瑟在对战时中国众多科研机构考察的过程中,通过物资援助、学术讲座、讨论交流等多种方式将英国生物化学路径下的营养学推介给中国同行;并将中国营养学在战时环境下的发展及研究成果推介到西方。作为科学家的李约瑟通过亲身参与,推动了世界反法西斯科学共同体在该领域的进一步交流与合作。
关键词： 李约瑟;  抗日战争;  营养学;  战时营养保障;  反法西斯科学共同体    
Abstract: After World War I, British scientists took the lead in exploring the nutritional safeguarding of military and civilian personnel from the perspectives of animal science and biochemistry. The famous British biochemist Joseph Needham also took an interest in nutrition research in this field. After the outbreak of World War II, the nutritional safeguarding of military and civilian personnel was a major issue facing by all countries. Since Britain had a good wartime nutrition guarantee system, its military and civilians were protected from hunger. Prior to Joseph Needham's arrival in China in 1943, the theory and experience of safeguarding nutrition in wartime security in the field of animal science in Britain had been introduced to China, and it was made use of by Chinese scientists to solve nutrition problems both on the battlefield and the rear. Needham also introduced nutritional research in the field of biochemistry to Chinese scientists through material assistance, academic lectures, and personal discussions during his inspection of many scientific research institutions in wartime China. He also introduced the wartime nutrition research achievements made by Chinese scientists to the West. As a scientist, Joseph Needham promoted the further exchanges and cooperation of the World Anti-Fascist Scientific Community in this field through his personal participation.
Key words: Joseph Needham    Anti-Japanese War    nutrition science    wartime nutrition guarantee system    Scientific Anti-fascist Community
收稿日期: 2020-05-09 出版日期: 2022-01-27
ZTFLH:  N09  
基金资助: 国家社会科学基金一般项目“抗战时期中国军民营养与卫生保障问题的史料整理与研究”(项目编号:19BZS093)。
作者简介: 王公,1984年生,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,副研究员,研究方向为抗战科学史、中国电子信息科学技术与工程史等,Email: wanggong@ihns.ac.cn。杨舰,1959年生,湖南芷江人,教授,研究方向为中国近现代科技史、科学技术与社会等。
服务　　
把本文推荐给朋友
加入引用管理器
E-mail Alert
RSS
作者相关文章　　
王公
杨舰

引用本文:

王公, 杨舰. 李约瑟与抗战中的中国营养学[J]. 自然科学史研究, 2021, 40(2): 246-261.

WANG Gong, YANG Jian. Joseph Needham and Nutrition Research in China during World War II. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 2021, 40(2): 246-261.

链接本文:

http://www.shns.ac.cn/CN/    或    http://www.shns.ac.cn/CN/Y2021/V40/I2/246

[1] SMITH D F. Nutrition in Britain: Science, Scientists and Politics in the Twentieth Century London[M]. New York: Routledge, 1997: 142-166.
[2] Foundation of the Nutrition Society [J]. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 1944, 1(1-2): 1-6.
[3] ORR J, LUBBOCK D. Feeding the People in War-time[M]. London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, 1940: 5-25.
[4] BOUDREAU F G. Nutrition in War and Peace [J]. The Milbank Quarterly, 2005, 83(4): 609-623.
[5] LU G D, NEEDHAM J. A Contribution to the History of Chinese Dietetics[J]. Isis, 1951, 42(127): 13-20.
[6] 英国文化委员会科学分部负责人格罗茨(J. G. Crowther)给李约瑟的密信[A]// 李约瑟档案. 英国剑桥: 剑桥大学图书馆, 档号: C9.
[7] 王公, 杨舰. 抗战营养保障体系的建立与中国营养学的建制化[J]. 自然辩证法通讯, 2019, 41(8): 62-70.
[8] 第二次世界大战画报编辑部. 英国的军粮(附照片)[J]. 第二次世界大战画报, 1940(6): 31-32.
[9] 经利彬. 英国战时营养[J]. 科学, 1946, 28(4): 187-188.
[10] 梁余鑫. 英国粮食部的科学营养政策(译述)[J]. 粮政季刊, 1945(2-3): 156-158.
[11] 礼拜六报馆. 儿童与营养[J]. 礼拜六, 1947(69): 1.
[12] 西点杂志社, 编译. 英国的营养问题[J]. 西点, 1947(15): 41.
[13] 农林部中央畜牧实验所与国立清华大学农业研究所动物营养研究合作规约[A]//北京: 清华大学档案馆, 档号: X1-3: 3-97-004.
[14] 李约瑟1943年在昆明的考察记录[A]// 李约瑟档案. 英国剑桥: 剑桥大学图书馆, 档号: C57.
[15] 李约瑟1943年在重庆的考察记录[A]// 李约瑟档案. 英国剑桥: 剑桥大学图书馆, 档号: C58.
[16] 李约瑟1943年在成都的考察记录[A]// 李约瑟档案. 英国剑桥: 剑桥大学图书馆, 档号: C59.
[17] Seymour. Letter from Sir H Seymour to Mr. Anthony Eden, 21st April 1943[A]//Scientific and Cultural Co-operation between British and Chinese Universities. L 2433/ 38/ 410. 外交部档案. 英国国家档案馆, 档号: FO 370/ 716.
[18] 李约瑟1944年在广西和广东的考察记录[A]// 李约瑟档案. 英国剑桥: 剑桥大学图书馆, 档号: C78.
[19] 万昕, 李德明. 鱼类蛋白质之生理价值[R]. 营养研究专刊第3号. 贵州: 陆军军医学校(内部出版), 1943: 1-7.
[20] 李约瑟1944年在安顺陆军军医学校的考察记录[A]// 李约瑟档案. 英国剑桥: 剑桥大学图书馆, 档号: C64.
[21] 王成发. 维生素研究之新发展[J]. 公医, 1945, 1(6/7): 8-16.
[22] NEEDHAM J. Science in South-West China I [J]. Nature, 1943, 152: 9-10.
[23] NEEDHAM J. Science in South-West China II [J]. Nature, 1943, 152: 36-37.
[24] NEEDHAM J. Science in Chungking [J]. Nature, 1943, 152: 64-66.
[25] NEEDHAM J. Science in Western Szechuan I [J]. Nature, 1943, 152: 343-345.
[26] NEEDHAM J. Science in Western Szechuan II [J]. Nature, 1943, 152: 372-374.
[27] NEEDHAM J. Science and Technology in the North-West of China [J]. Nature, 1944, 153: 238-241.
[28] NEEDHAM J. Chungking Industrial and Mining Exhibition [J]. Nature, 1944, 153: 672-675.
[29] NEEDHAM J. Science in Kweichow and Kuangsi [J]. Nature, 1945, 156: 496-499.
[30] 李约瑟1944年在浙江大学的考察记录[A]// 李约瑟档案. 英国剑桥: 剑桥大学图书馆, 档号: C65.
[31] 李约瑟, 李大斐. 李约瑟游记[M]. 余廷明, 唐道华, 滕巧云, 等, 译. 贵阳: 贵州人民出版社, 1999: 69.
[32] 孙磊, 张培富, 贾林海. 《中国科学通讯》与大后方的对外科学交流(1942～1945)[J]. 自然科学史研究, 2016, 35(1): 61-74.
[33] SCHNEIDER L A. Biology and Revolution in Twentieth-Century China[M]. Washington DC: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2003. 109-110.
[34] REARDON-ANDERSON J. The Study of Change: Chemistry in China, 1840-1949[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. 310.
[35] TANG P S. Biology in War-Time China [J]. Nature, 1944, 154: 43-46.
[36] SHEN T, XIE K M, CHEN T M. Effects of Magnesium Chloride and Manganous Nitrate upon the Content of Ascorbic Acid in Soybean during Germination, with Observations on the Activity of Ascorbic Acid Oxidase [J]. Biochemical Journal, 1945, 39(1): 107-110.
[37] LO T Y, CHEN S M. Vitamin P Content of Vegetables as Influenced by Chemical Treatment [J]. Food Research, 1946. 11: 159-162.
[38] SOMERS G F, BEESON K C. The Influence of Climate and Fertilizer Practices upon the Vitamin and Mineral Content of Vegetables [J]. Advances in Food Research, 1948, (1): 291-324.
[39] STAFFORD H A. The Distribution and Development of Enzymes in Pea Seedlings [J]. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 1952, 79(5): 351-358.
[40] RICHARDSON G A, RAFEY M S, LONG M L. Flavones and Flavone Derivatives as Antioxidants [J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 1947, 30(6): 397-413.
[41] MISHRA D, KAR M. Nickel in Plant Growth and Metabolism [J]. Botanical Review, 1974, 40(4) : 395-452.