| ARTICLES |
|
|
|
|
| The Process of Institutionalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Singapore in the First Half of the 20th Century |
| YANG Yan1, LEI Huanjie1,2 |
1. Department of Chinese Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260;
2. School of Philosophy, Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872, China |
|
|
|
Abstract The institutionalization process of TCM in Singapore started in the first half of the 20th century. It can be examined from three perspectives: the role of the British colonial government, the state of TCM in Singapore itself, and aspects related to China. The first is the development of an ad hoc system in the relatively free environment resulting from the lack of statutory control and colonial government support for medical charities. The second is the transformation of traditional Chinese medicinal practice in Singapore, including the inheritance of and innovations in TCM teaching, and the establishment of TCM examinations and journals. The third is the link with reforms of Chinese medicine, joining the TCM camp in the controversy between TCM and Western medicine, and taking the initiative to integrate with the management policies of the National Government. In evaluating the institutionalization process of TCM in Singapore, we need to sort out its degree of institutionalization, special patterns and characteristics, and analyze its positive and negative effects, so as to take Singapore as a case study of the overseas development of TCM.
|
|
Received: 06 June 2019
Published: 17 June 2022
|
|
|
|
|
1 杨妍. 新加坡中医药的传入与中医教学的本土化变迁[J]. 中医药文化, 2018,(4): 16.
2 杨妍. 中医在新加坡(1867—2014): 政府与民间组织之作用与互动[D]. 新加坡: 新加坡国立大学, 2018.
3 李松. 新加坡中医药的发展: 1349—1983[M]. 新加坡: 教育书局, 1983.
4 陈鸿能. 新加坡中医学先驱人物与医药事业发展[M]. 新加坡: 新加坡中华医学会, 2001.
5 王尊旺. 民国时期东南亚中医界对废医案的回应与建构[J]. 华侨华人历史研究, 2018,(1): 21～29.
6 梁其姿. 医疗史与中国“现代性”问题[J]. 中国社会历史评论, 2007,(8): 1.
7 Medical Registration[D]// The Laws of the Straits Settlements, Vol. 2, 1901-1907. London: Waterlow & Sons Limited, 1920. 276.
8 本坡中医八百人[N]. 南洋商报, 1946-08-02: 6.
9 Straits Settlement Statutory Land Grant, No. 3650[M]. Singapore: Thong Chai Medical Institution. 1892.
10 坡督夫人之赞美广惠肇方便留医院[N]. 叻报, 1926-05-31: 3.
11 梁其姿. 明清社会中的医学发展[C]//生命医疗史研究室. 中国史新论: 医疗史分册. 台北: 联经出版事业股份有限公司, 2015. 309～335.
12 陈占伟. 纪念吴瑞甫老师[C]//中医学研究院. 中医学研究院创院20周年纪念刊. 新加坡: 新加坡中医学研究院, 1992. 72～73.
13 行将开学之中医专修班[N]. 南洋商报, 1936-01-22: 6.
14 广告[N]. 南洋商报, 1938-01-27: 7.
15 响应国医馆长焦易堂提倡革新中医运动[N]. 南洋商报, 1947-10-19: 8.
16 中医专门学校[N]. 南洋商报, 1953-01-19: 7.
17 本坡同济医院考试医生情形[J]. 医药月刊, 1931,(20): 25～26.
18 吴访梅. 伤寒论桂枝二越婢一汤释疑[J]. 医药月刊, 1930,(2): 12.
19 敬布知音[N]. 叻报, 1901-05-18: 6.
20 新嘉坡将有中医刊物出世[N]. 南洋商报, 1927-08-13: 4.
21 中医师公会. 医粹[M]. 上集. 新嘉坡: 新嘉坡中医师公会, 1948. 313.
22 朱有瓛. 中国近代学制史料[G]. 第3辑上册. 上海: 华东师范大学出版社, 1990. 663～664.
23 邓铁涛. 中医近代史[M]. 广州: 广东高等教育出版社, 1999. 281～290.
24 施少彭. 保存中医药之我见[J]. 医药周刊, 1929,(1): 1.
25 议决反对废止中医中药电[J]. 医药周刊, 1929,(2): 1～2.
26 胡文虎先生为请办中医药学校及中医院事上蒋主席书[J]. 医药月刊, 1931,(12): 18～21.
27 新嘉坡中医中药联合会爱国工作热烈之一斑[J]. 医药之声, 1938,(4): 38.
28 沙千里. 战时重要法令汇编[G]. 重庆: 双江书屋, 1944. 503.
29 一年来奋斗精神[N]. 南洋商报, 1947-09-30: 5.
30 本会从筹备至成立[N]. 南洋商报, 1947-10-26: 8.
31 星中医师公会议决参加全国中医总联会[N]. 南洋商报, 1947-11-04: 6.
32 华人社团十单位获准注册[N]. 南洋商报, 1947-10-18: 6.
33 百余位合格医生[N]. 南洋商报, 1947-10-15: 5.
34 广告[J]. 医药与卫生, 1954,(1): 40.
35 童子达. 新嘉坡各业调查[M]. 新嘉坡: 新嘉坡南洋工商补习学校, 1928. 129～134.
36 文庠. 南京政府时期中医政策法规述评[J]. 南京社会科学, 2005,(4): 46～47.
37 上海市近十年来医药鸟瞰(续)[N]. 申报, 1933-10-16: 17.
38 新嘉坡中医界近况[J]. 健康医报, 1947,(46～47): 05.
39 The Committee on Traditional Chinese Medicine. A Report by the Committee on Traditional Chinese Medicine[R]. Singapore: Ministry of Health, 1995. 1～2. |
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
