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| A New Research on the Astronomical Instrument Linglong |
| ZHANG Nan |
| Department of the History of Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China |
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Abstract Discussions on the function and structure of the Linglong instrument made by Guo Shoujing in the Yuan Dynasty have not been conclusive. This paper makes a new distinction between the armillary sphere records of the Ming and Qing dynasties and the astronomical instruments of Jiming mountain in Nanjing described in Ricci's manuscript, then reinterprets the inscriptions on the Linglong instrument and other related literature. On the basis of previous studies, it is clear that the Linglong instrument is neither an armillary sphere for observation nor an "artificial sky" (planetarium) recognized by modern scholars. The main structure of the Linglong instrument is a sphere divided into fine meshes according to longitude and latitude lines, with a hollowed-out appearance. It can be used for both observation and demonstration, but it is different from the observational instruments and from planetarium used for demonstration. It is a new type of instrument created by Guo Shoujing. Its design and production inherit the concept of the planetariums of the Song Dynasty, and the tradition of testing calendar accuracy with astronomical demonstration instruments in the Han and Tang dynasties. Finally, it is likely to be influenced by the astronomical instruments of the European-Middle Eastern world.
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Received: 18 October 2017
Published: 28 September 2022
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